Glutathione -Yuan peptide

Glutathione

Product Description

Glutathione (GSH) is the most central and abundant endogenous antioxidant and detoxifying molecule in human cells, composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, with its core activity derived from the sulfhydryl group (-SH).

I. Basic Structure and Forms

Chemical Nature: γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly), containing a γ-amide bond and a sulfhydryl group (-SH), with a molecular weight of approximately 307.

Two Forms:

Reduced Glutathione (GSH): The active form, accounting for more than 90% of the total intracellular content.

Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG): A dimer formed after GSH is oxidized, which can be reduced and regenerated by glutathione reductase.

Distribution: Present in almost all living cells, with the highest concentration in the liver, followed by the kidneys, red blood cells, eyes, and other tissues.

II. Core Physiological Functions

Potent Antioxidation (Core Function)

Direct free radical scavenging: The sulfhydryl group (-SH) donates electrons to neutralize superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxides, protecting cell membranes, proteins, and DNA from oxidative damage.

Regeneration of other antioxidants: Reduces oxidized vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 back to their active forms, forming an antioxidant network.

Maintenance of cellular redox balance: Regulates cell signaling, mitochondrial function, and protein folding.
Liver Detoxification (Second Major Function)

Toxin conjugation: Binds to drugs (e.g., acetaminophen), heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic), alcohol metabolites, and environmental toxins, converting them into water-soluble substances for excretion via bile or urine.

Hepatoprotective effect: Clinically used for drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease to repair liver cells and alleviate inflammation.
Skin Whitening and Skin Health

Inhibition of melanin production: Suppresses tyrosinase activity, reduces melanin synthesis, brightens skin tone, and fades dark spots.

Anti-photoaging: Scavenges free radicals induced by ultraviolet radiation to protect skin cells.
Immune and Metabolic Regulation

Enhances the activity of immune cells, improving the body's ability to resist infection and eliminate pathogens.

Participates in energy metabolism, amino acid transport, and inflammatory regulation, while maintaining mitochondrial function.

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